Triturator



(No ModeLl A. J. WEATHERHEAD, TRITURATOR.

No. 532,254. I Paten'tedJan. 8, 1895.

a INVENTU 'TT 1: ET.

" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT J. VEATHERHEAD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

TRITURATOVR.

SFE'OIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 532,254, dated January 8, 1895.

Application filed February 17, 1894- 'Serial No. 500,463. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT J WEATHER- HEAD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oleveland,in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Triturators; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to a combined crusher and pulverizer, and the invention consists in the construction substantially as shown and described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional elevation of one form of my invention with the parts in working position. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the pestle alone, and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the mortar alone. Fig.4; is a cross section of a hopper shaped cap adapted to be set over the center of the pestle about the post therein. Fig. 5 is a cross section on line as, as, Fig. 1.

My invention is designed more especially for laboratory work, although it may be made larger than such use ordinarilyrequires, and is useful in crushing and pulverizing ores, quartz or rock of any kind for assaying or other purposes, and, indeed, may be employed to grind and pulverize any material to which it is adapted.

Hitherto the old and well known form of pestle and mortar has generally been used to reduce ores to a powdered condition for assaying purposes, and all who have had experience with these means know that the process is an exceedingly slow and laborious one.

My invention is designed to takethe place of the common mortar and pestle and other devices for this purpose, and to do the work with a great saving in time and labor. It is designed to use hand power, but I may make the mortar stationary and apply steam, electrical or other power to the pestle, so that there will be nothing to do by hand as far as this particular operation is concerned.

The mortar A is shown here as having supporting legs -a by which it may also be fastened in place, though it may be otherwise supported, and has an opening -a. at its side and bottom through which the pulverized material is discharged. In the center of the mortar is a crushing post B. This post is shown in this instance as vertically ribbed, fluted or corrugated, but it may be smooth or substantially smooth instead, or it may have spiral or other corrugations. It is shown here as oval in cross section from top to bottom, as clearly appears in Figs. 3 and 5, but immediately at its bottom below the cross line w, w, it is preferably round in cross section.

The bottom of 'the'morta'r about the crushing post and between it and the side of the mortar is.'shown here as slightly concave or circular in cross section, but otherwise is perfectly smooth. This surface may, however, be flat instead of rounding and do equally good work, and there will be no difierence in the discharge because I depend on the centrifugal action of the pestle to carry the material outward and clear the working surfaces.

The pestle O is shown here as having a converging or conoidal opening down through its center, terminating at its bottom close about the post 13, but having a free feed space at the bottom of the opening and extending inward under the inner edge of'the pestle as.

seen at -c Ribs or corrugations -care formed vertically in the wall of this'opening and are designed to cooperate-with the ribs -bon the post 13 in engaging lumps or pieces of the coarse material as it is fed into the machine and helping to break and reduce the lumps in their descent to the pulverizing or grinding surface beneath. The ribs -c, or their equivalent, such as flutes, corrugations or the like, may extend only part way d0wn, and be at the top, the bottom or the middle, or they may be wholly omitted and the surface made smooth. This latitude of construction is allowable because of the oblong formation of the crushing post in cross section. Thus, suppose that either or both the ribs -b and c were omitted. If chunks of ore or the like were then fed into the machine we should have the stationary post oblong in section in a perfectly round opening, and the chunk or piece would crowd by its own gravity into a position where it would be caught and crushed. If the material were hard and brittle, it would break into smaller pieces which themselves would gravitate at be caught and crushed, andthis operation would continue until the material was broken fine enough to pass underneath the pestle. The same result follows in the construction here shown. Once under the pestle the material is ground practically into flour, and is thrown out through the hole -a'. On the outside of the pestle at its bottom are projections or sweeps c' which carry the ground material around to the hole a-. These sweeps catch the material as it is thrown out and keep the space between the parts free from undue accumulations.

The mortar may be made one-half or even one-fourth its present height, and serve quite.

over the hole in the pestle, and has a cavity that fits over the post B. This cap has a flange -d on which it rests, and a small hopper d to receive the material. Ordinarily this cap need not be used, but if there be a tendency to throw off dust the cap will prevent it.

It should be understood that the central post B may be made in still other forms in cross section than shown and described, as,

for example, it may be hexagonal or .octag-.-

onal, and the invention lies deeper than the mere form of configuration of said post. So, also, may the wall of the central opening down through the pestle be varied and still keep within the invention. For example, it may be an opening with parallel, sides, which would work very well with any of the forms of post described. The postitself may be relatively much shorter than here shown and serve a very good purpose, so that it will be seen that the invention is capable of considerable modification without departing from the spirit thereof.

In case the machine is used in wet grinding or amalgamating, the discharge orifice can be temporarily closed with any suitable cork or plug.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is I 1. The mortar having an upward projection centrally from its bottom and a pestle with a feed passage down through its center having its wall on a different vertical plane from the side of said projection, substantially as set forth.

2. The mortar having an'upward projection at its center, and a pestle with a feed'passage down through its center and about the said projection, substantially as set forth.

3. The pestle with an opening down through its center of varying diameter, and a mortar having a central part extending into and above the smallest diameter of the said opening, substantially as set forth.

4:. The mortar havinga raised center and a pestle having an opening down through its center, and constructed about the bottom of said opening and at the base of said raised center to freely feed the material to the pulverized surface of the mortar and pestle, substantially as set forth.

5. The pestle having an annular opening down through its center, and a mortar with a post in said opening constructed with certain parts of its surface nearer the surface of said opening than other parts in the same crosssection, substantially as set forth.

6. The mortar provided with an upward projection in its center and the pestle with a passage down through its center, and the wall of said passage and the said. projection constructed to co-operate in crushing and red ucing the material, substantially as set forth.

7. The mortar having a central projection and an annular surface in its bottom around said proj ection, and a discharge opening at its side and bottom, and a pestle in said mortar having a central feed opening, whereby the material is taken in at the center of the machine and discharged at its side, substantially as set forth.

8. The mortar with a discharge opening at its side and bottom, and a pestle with a central feed and one or more sweeps at its side and bottom to carry the pulverized material to said discharge opening, substantially as set forth.

Witness my hand to the foregoing specification this 13th day of February, 1894.

I ALBERT J. WEATHERHEAD.

WVitnesses:

H. T. FISHER, GEORGIA SCHAEFFER. 

